The following documents the specific requirements & tasks oriented around a Cloud Center of Excellence.
- Cloud Adoption Framework (CCoE Model)
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cloud-adoption-framework/organize/cloud-center-of-excellence - IT Team structures for CCoE
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cloud-adoption-framework/organize/organization-structures - Org alignment for CCoE
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cloud-adoption-framework/get-started/org-alignment
Microsoft also has a very prescriptive services offering from Microsoft Consulting Services that assists customers with the planning & assembly of their organization’s Cloud Center of Excellence for Azure. (I should know – I’ve seen the documents & the outcomes of the engagements) Service offerings also exist for Power Platform & Microsoft 365/Modern Work.
Contact your account team for details.